Five Collective Sources Guide Us Toward Fume Hood
作為通風(fēng)柜安全性指南的五種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的綜合運用
Fume Hood Defined
實驗室通風(fēng)柜是一個專門設(shè)計的安全裝置，在連接通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的情況下可以將通風(fēng)柜內(nèi)，在實驗過程中產(chǎn)生的有害氣體排出實驗室，可以使實驗室工作人員免受傷害。通風(fēng)柜需由阻燃材料制作，結(jié)構(gòu)包括頂部，三個固定側(cè)面，一面開口。開口處需配備移動門，有時還需要安裝額外的防護罩。開口處需有異形入口，通常是導(dǎo)流板設(shè)計，以便于進風(fēng)和防止底部氣流逃逸，通風(fēng)柜會配置擋流板，在大多數(shù)情況下會配置旁路系統(tǒng)，以控制通風(fēng)柜的氣流模型并使進氣均勻。旁通系統(tǒng)也可以部分封閉以滿足變風(fēng)量系統(tǒng)的要求。通風(fēng)柜可以擺放在工作臺，基座或?qū)嶒炇业孛嫔?。（美國科學(xué)儀器設(shè)備實驗室家具協(xié)會SEFA-1）
A Laboratory Fume Hood is a safety device specifically designed to carry undesirable effluents (generated within the hood during a laboratory procedure) away from laboratory personnel and out of the building, when connected to a properly designed laboratory ventilation system. A Laboratory Fume Hood shall be made primarily from flame retardant materials including the top, three fixed sides, and a single face opening. Face opening is equipped with a sash and sometimes an additional protective shield. Face opening will have a profiled entry and usually an airfoil designed to sweep and reduce reverse airflow on the lower surface. A Laboratory Fume Hood will be equipped with a baffle and in most cases a bypass system designed to control airflow patterns within the hood and manage even distribution of air at the opening. The bypass may be partially blocked to accommodate Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems. A Laboratory Fume Hood will be set on a bench, a pedestal or the laboratory floor.
▶ Scientific Equipment Furniture Association (SEFA). SEFA 1-2010 Recommended Practices for Laboratory Fume Hoods, 2010 p. 48 section 3.0, Garden City, NY
二、ASHRAE 110-1995
美國采暖、制暖與空調(diào)工程師學(xué)會
測試內(nèi)容：
1、氣流運動顯示測試
2、面風(fēng)速測試
3、示蹤氣體測試
即將頒行的新版ASHRAE 110
New ASHRAE 110 Pending
1、更多計算機化的數(shù)據(jù)——示蹤氣體測試儀將有數(shù)據(jù)接口可以直接連接到數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀。
2、改進了煙流測試——將氣流流動顯示測試中的成功/失敗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刪除。增加了對“怠速氣流”和“回流”的定義。
3、新的假人測試高度為工作面以上22″，同時描述了落地式通風(fēng)柜，和假人的擺放位置。
4、新增了附錄B（診斷使用）——房間條件，管道泄漏，再次進入，側(cè)風(fēng)，熱效應(yīng)及其他。
1. More computerized data – The tracer gas instrument shall have output capabilities to allow connection to a data logger.
2. Revised smoke test – Eliminated the pass/fail criteria in Flow Visualization Procedure. Expanded definition of “Lazy Air” and “Reverse Flow".
3. New mannequin height at 22” above work surface and description of mannequin position on floor mounted hoods.
4. Added Appendix B for Diagnostic Use – Room Conditions, Duct Leakage, Re-entry, Cross Drafts, Heat Effects, and more.
三、ANSI（美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會）Z9.5指明了ASHRAE 110測試的接收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ANSI Z9.5 Specifies ASHRAE 110 Acceptance Criteria
1、在通風(fēng)柜任一位置釋放每分鐘4升的示蹤氣體在平均5分鐘的測試中，它的控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在出廠測試中不應(yīng)高于0.05ppm，在現(xiàn)場安裝完成后測試中不應(yīng)高于0.1ppm。
2、氣體逃逸量大于以上所訴控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的須由設(shè)計專家和責(zé)任人員共同決定是否可以接受。在實際使用的測試中逃逸量等于或大于0.10ppm，則由責(zé)任人員決定是否可以接受。
3、責(zé)任方必須決定“合格”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1. A control level for 5- minute average test at each location conducted at a generation rate of 4L/m shall be no greater than 0.05 ppm for “as manufactured” tests and 0.10ppm for “as installed” (AM 0.05, AI 0.1)
2. Escape more than the control levels stated above shall be acceptable at the discretion of the design professional in agreement with the responsible person (2.42). The “as used” 0.10 ppm level or more is at the discretion of the responsible person (2.3)
3. Responsible parties must determine “pass” criteria
ANSI Z9.5認可了無管式通風(fēng)柜的節(jié)能功效。
ANSI Z9.5 recognizes ductless hoods as a means of saving energy
當(dāng)您要選擇無管式通風(fēng)柜時，請咨詢職業(yè)保健專家或您公司內(nèi)的專家。
Consult your Industrial Hygienist and/or your company’s in-house expert for the appropriate application and use of a ductless fume hood.
四、NFPA 45
美國全國流體動力協(xié)會
• 室內(nèi)通風(fēng)柜擺放指南
• 排風(fēng)管信息
• 通風(fēng)柜無法接受爆炸
• 根據(jù)ASTM（美國試驗材料協(xié)會）E-84測試，內(nèi)襯板材料的展 焰性需小于25。
• 最小排氣量需能有效防止氣體濃度聚集，以避免達到爆炸的 濃度下限，通常為25%或者更低。
• Guidelines for hood location in room.
• Duct information.
• Hoods are not designed to contain explosions.
• Liner materials are to have a flame spread of less than 25 per ASTM E-84 test.
• Minimum exhaust flow to be sufficient to prevent concentrations from approaching the lower explosion limit (LEL) typically 25% and lower.
Liu Dong, Li Qiang-ming
《無風(fēng)管自凈型排風(fēng)柜》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)針對無風(fēng)管自凈型排風(fēng)柜的工作原理和性能特點，提出了該類產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用的合理工作流程、需要控制的關(guān)鍵問題等；并且對無風(fēng)管自凈型排風(fēng)柜的過濾效率、控制濃度和面風(fēng)速等關(guān)鍵性能的測試方法進行了解讀。
Conclusion
1、SEFA-1定義了什么是通風(fēng)柜，并給我們介紹了其他幾種保護柜，以使我們了解他們的區(qū)別。
2、ASHRAE 110指明了測試方法，使我們能有效的驗證通風(fēng)柜的性能。
3、ANSI Z9.5提供了ASHRAE 110測試是否通過的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并提供了節(jié)能型通風(fēng)柜的細節(jié)。
4、NFPA-45強調(diào)了通風(fēng)柜材料防火的重要性并指明了通風(fēng)柜或排風(fēng)管中化學(xué)氣體爆炸的濃度下限。
5、職業(yè)保健專家和您公司的內(nèi)部專家，以豐富的專業(yè)知識結(jié)合安全工作狀況，以內(nèi)外部法規(guī)和指南為前提，能為您評估設(shè)備的功能。
1. SEFA-1 defines fume hoods and describes other enclosures so we know what they are.
2. ASHRAE 110 specifies the test method to help to qualify the performance of a laboratory fume hood.
3. ANSI Z9.5 provides the acceptance criteria for the ASHRAE 110 test and provides details for lowering energy use in fume hoods.
4. NFPA-45 highlights the importance of non-flammable materials and specifies the lower explosion limit of chemical vapors in a hood or duct.
5. The Industrial Ventilation Expert, Industrial Hygienist, and/or your Company’s In-house Expert – provides a wealth of knowledge to combine safe work conditions, evaluate the function of equipment, comply with regional and local codes and more.
法規(guī)下載地址：
SEFA
www.sefalabs.com
ASHRAE 110
www.ashrae.org
ANSI Z9.5
www.ansi.org
NFPA-45
www.nfpa.org
Kurt Rindoks
現(xiàn)任ASHRAE-110 (實驗室通風(fēng)柜性能測試方法) 委員會委員，是即將面世的新版“ASHRAE實驗室設(shè)計指南”的作者之一。擁有18項美國專利， 大都是在通風(fēng)柜設(shè)計領(lǐng)域。曾任SEFA理事會成員，主導(dǎo)起草SEFA 8 (實驗室櫥柜推薦實施規(guī)程)，并參與起草SEFA 1 (通風(fēng)柜推薦實施規(guī)程)。
*本文為Kurt Rindoks 參加由上海卓思智能科技股份有限公司主辦的2015“未來實驗室論壇安全發(fā)展學(xué)術(shù)年會”時演講的內(nèi)容，由“未來實驗室”整理發(fā)布
